Behavior Change Procedure Test 2 Practice

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• In relation to putting on the sunglasses, the sun shining in your eyes is a
• Which option best describes the single-opportunity assessment before training?
• Which factor increases the effectiveness of a time-out procedure?
• A young child mislabels a Dalmatian as 'cow' after labeling a Holstein cow as 'cow'. This outcome best illustrates which phenomenon?
• The statement 'When the topography of a previous imitation occurs in the absence of the model it is not imitative behavior' is true.
• Nonexclusion time-out keeps the learner in the instructional area, while exclusion time-out removes them.
• Typically developing children and children with developmental disabilities initially acquire many skills by imitating planned and unplanned models.
• Which statement is not a described method for task analysis in the material?
• The single-opportunity method of assessing task analysis performance allows the individual one chance to perform the behavior chain prior to training.
• The particularly bad flu season has which type of MO effect on having masks and hand sanitizer?
• Which statement about formal similarity is correct?
• Which represents total-task chaining?
• The father teaching a poem by adding lines sequentially demonstrates shaping across what?
• The classroom example of having to clean the entire classroom floor after spilling glue demonstrates which procedure?
• The door scenario illustrates which type of learning?
• How does one conduct a task analyses of a skill?
• Heading out to the store after reading the article exemplifies which behavioral effect?
• Which term describes gradually altering the demand placed on a learner during shaping?
• A BCBA described a procedure where a child is guided to sit in a chair with a booster seat for 2 minutes after an unwanted behavior. This most closely exemplifies which time-out type?
• Which best exemplifies positive punishment?
• Reading a news article about flu season and then buying masks is an example of which type of motivating operation?
• Which is an example of stimulus shape transformation?
• What is the primary function of a discriminative stimulus in operant conditioning?
• Punisher assessments are conducted similarly to preference assessments, but what do they measure?
• True or False: A decrease in the frequency of the behavior must be observed before a consequence-based intervention qualifies as a punishment procedure.
• Operant and respondent antecedent stimulus control function in the same manner.
• Generalized imitation is demonstrated when a learner imitates the model's behavior regardless of the specific behavior modeled without direct training.
• The research literature has repeatedly shown that the total-task chaining procedure is the most effective method of chaining.
• Which term describes adding an aversive stimulus after a behavior to reduce its occurrence?
• Which description best describes shaping across response topographies?
• To be categorized in the feature stimulus class labeled 'duck', which feature is required?
• Which term describes removing a reinforcing stimulus to reduce a behavior?
• During shaping, the occurrence of slightly different responses within the same response class, emitted and placed on extinction until the next variation emerges, illustrates which concept?
• The contingent engagement of an effortful task that has some relevance to the specific problem behavior is known as which procedure?
• Observational learning may or may not involve _____.
• What is the recommended modification to the shaping procedure when the preschooler only touches pants and does not pull them up?
• All conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) are motivationally neutral prior to their relation with another MO or stimulus.
• Overcorrection procedures must include either or both positive practice and environmental restitution.
• A controlling relation between the behavior of a model and the imitator is inferred when a novel model evokes a similar behavior in the absence of a history of reinforcement.
• In the described material, backward chaining is defined as the learner completes the steps in reverse order.
• Which component of overcorrection requires the individual to engage in correct behaviors repeatedly after the problem behavior occurs?
• Nonexclusion time-out is best described as the individual remaining in the setting with restricted access to reinforcement for a brief period.
• An arbitrary stimulus class consists of stimuli that do not share a physical feature but evoke the same label or response.
• The presence of minor lapses in treatment fidelity are likely to result in the response cost procedure still being effective.
• Each stimulus change in a behavior chain serves as an SD for the subsequent response and as a conditioned reinforcer for the preceding response. True or False?
• In distinguishing Establishing Operation and Abolishing Operation, which statement is true?
• In relation to looking for the leash, your dog sitting at the front door is a
• Which statement best captures shaping in behavior change procedures?
• Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the efficacy of punishment?
• True or False: Positive punishment has occurred when the removal of an aversive stimulus increases the future occurrence of the behavior.
• A stimulus that acquires aversive properties due to being paired with other aversives is called what?
• Both existing cache response cost and bonus response cost are likely to be equally aversive to an individual.
• In backward chaining, the learner initially performs the final step while the instructor completes all preceding steps. True or False?
• Which term describes removing a reinforcer from the learner's noncontingent supply?
• The more similar two stimuli are, the more likely stimulus generalization will occur.
• Exclusion time-out room should be devoid of potential reinforcers.
• When learners do what the model does regardless of the behavior modeled without direct training, __________ has been demonstrated.
• Involves allowing the individual to observe ongoing activities, but they are unable to participate or access reinforcers.
• What is the key difference between nonexclusion and exclusion time-out?
• The coach's breath-hold progression is an example of shaping within which dimension?
• Which statement best describes the influence on stimulus control development?
• Shaping with response prompts should be faded over time to promote independence.
• Which term refers to applying a punishing consequence immediately after a behavior to reduce its occurrence?
• A procedure that interrupts stereotypic problem behavior and redirects the individual to engage in high-probability behaviors is called what?
• The door scenario demonstrates observational learning.
• Which term describes removing a reinforcer from the learner's current supply of previously earned reinforcers?
• The aerobics instructor's procedure exemplifies forward chaining.
• True or False: Negative punishment has occurred when the removal of an event decreases the future occurrence of a behavior.
• In a multiple schedule, what is the phenomenon called when changing one component produces opposite changes in the other, unaltered component?
• Involves obstructing the view of the individual while they remain in the time-in setting.
• Describe stimulus generalization? A response occurs in the presence of a specific stimulus and in the presence of stimuli similar to the specific stimulus.
• An abative effect refers to which of the following?
• Contingent observation involves the individual remaining in the setting but not participating for a short period.
• Involves turning away from the learner while withholding social reinforcers contingent on problem behavior.
• What is the primary function of a motivating operation?
• If a learner is no longer advancing during shaping, the instructor should proceed to the next successive response approximation to ensure reinforcement contact.
• Operant stimulus control has been achieved when a response occurs more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus but rarely occurs in the absence of that stimulus.
• Involves removing a specific amount of reinforcers from the individual’s noncontingently provided supply.
• Observational learning can be differentiated from imitation because observational learning includes observing the _____ of the model.
• Which statement best describes the purpose of validation in task analysis creation?
• Which term describes an increase in behavior after punishment has been removed?
• Teaching learners to do what the model does regardless of the behavior modeled is the major objective of what?
• Which group of stimuli exemplifies an arbitrary stimulus class?
• In the clothes-washing scenario, the dirty clothes going above a specific height in the hamper is a
• The greater the reinforcing value of the time-in setting, the more effective the time-out procedure.
• To be considered imitation, a model and the behavior it evokes must have
• In punishment procedures, which step helps determine the effectiveness of the punishment?
• An increase in behavior following the removal of the punishment contingency is called which term?
• In a behavior chain, each stimulus change is an SD for the next response and as a reinforcer for the preceding response.
• In a task environment, cues that guide the correct action are an example of which type of prompt?
• Which term describes antecedent stimuli that evoke imitation and are not intentionally shown as models?
• Is a reinforcer rich setting and its removal is a conditioned aversive.
• Stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination are opposite operations.
• In discrimination training, the S-delta is specifically used to show the condition of zero reinforcement or extinction.
• Which of the following best describes unconditioned motivating operations?
• Preventing the completion of a problem behavior by physically intervening as soon as the individual starts to engage in it is called what?
• With fading, behavior is changed by gradually changing the antecedent stimulus. With shaping, behavior is changed by gradually changing the response requirement. True or false?
• Which option describes removing a specified amount from the learner's noncontingent reinforcer supply?
• If progress breaks down while conducting imitation training, the practitioner should
• A discriminative stimulus or SD is a stimulus in the presence of which a response will
• Which term describes a model or stimulus that evokes imitation, even if not used as an intentional demonstration?
• Negative punishment involves a decrease in the future rate of behavior due to withdrawal of what type of stimulus contingent on behavior?
• Which statement about conditional discriminations is true?
• Select space time-out involves which of the following?
• The term motivating operation is roughly synonymous with which concept?
• In a task analysis, making a sequential list of all component steps is the core method.
• An antecedent stimulus that evokes the imitative behavior is
• A mother instructs her daughter to give her an item, then turns away so the daughter cries and eventually stops crying; the mother resumes interaction after crying stops. This procedure most closely exemplifies which concept?
• An abolishing operation has a behavior-altering effect which decreases the reinforcement efficacy of a stimulus.
• With contingent exercise, the individual is required to perform a response that has what relation to the problem behavior?
• The controlling function of an antecedent is acquired from pairing with stimulus changes following the behavior in operant conditioning and pairing with antecedent stimuli in respondent conditioning.
• The material indicates there are several methods for task analysis, including single-opportunity and multiple-opportunity.
• Planned ignoring is most effective for focusing on reducing behaviors that are maintained by attention.
• Which method gives the learner exactly one opportunity to perform the task chain before training?
• In forward chaining, steps are taught from the first step onward, adding each new step after mastery of the previous one.
• Which procedure involves terminating access to the specific reinforcer for a set period contingent on problem behavior?
• Which statement about CMOs is true according to the material?
• Stimulus salience refers to the prominence of a stimulus that can influence stimulus control and may depend on sensory capabilities.
• Mavis has shaped handwriting; the boy could hold his pencil and write the letters of his name faintly; later he learned to press hard enough to be legible. This shaping example is an instance of shaping across a response topography. True or False?
• Response cost is likely to suppress problem behavior to an acceptable level when there are a small number of omission and commission errors.
• Delayed behaviors using the topography of an imitative behavior, by definition, are imitative.
• Which statement best describes observational learning?
• Concept development requires discrimination between stimulus classes and generalization between stimulus classes.
• With backward chaining, the learner completes the steps of a task in reverse order.
• An instructor asks a learner to pour milk into a cup. Which option constitutes a response prompt in this scenario?
• What term describes the prominence of a stimulus in the environment that can affect stimulus control and may depend on sensory capabilities?
• A time-out procedure is still called time-out when it does not result in a decreased level of problem behavior.
• What does CMO stand for in this context?
• An imitative repertoire is required for modelling to be an effective prompt.
• With response cost, individual reinforcer withdrawals should be as large as possible to ensure they function as punishers.
• When shaping a roommate's tidiness, what is the appropriate next step to increase the likelihood of success?
• In the washing machine task, which option is an example of a stimulus prompt?
• The process of differential reinforcement during shaping results in response differentiation. Which option best describes this statement?
• Which term best describes interrupting a stereotypic problem behavior and guiding the person to engage in a more appropriate, high-probability behavior?
• When implementing response cost, the practitioner notes the individual's engagement in problem behavior each time while removing the relevant amount of the reinforcer. This may reinforce the behavior with attention.
• Involves removing the individual from the reinforcing environment contingent on problem behavior.
• An advantage of backward chaining is that the learner performs the final behavior that contacts the terminal reinforcer during every instructional trial.
• Which of the following is an example of a CMO?
• A teacher and student nose rubbing example illustrates which concept?
• In order for withdrawal of a stimulus to successfully suppress an individual's behavior, the stimulus must be a reinforcer.
• Desirable aspects of nonexclusion time-out include which of the following?
• Punishment procedures aim to decrease the future frequency of the target behavior.
• Operant stimulus control is evidenced by a response occurring more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus and rarer in its absence.
• Which term describes a stimulus that becomes aversive without any learning or conditioning due to evolutionary history?
• Punisher assessments help practitioners to quickly identify and apply appropriate punishers.
• Behavior-altering effects refer solely to the change in frequency or rate of a behavior.
• What is the major objective of imitation training?
• When using response prompts during shaping, fading out prompts over time is not necessary because the process will automatically eliminate the need for prompts.
• In shaping a sign, which sequence represents the order of successive approximations described for teaching the sign 'please'?
• Which option best describes the multiple-opportunity assessment?
• Which procedure involves obstructing the view of the learner while they remain in the time-in setting?
• A stimulus whose aversive properties are the product of evolutionary history is called what?
• If a learner makes frequent mistakes during shaping, the criteria for reinforcement may be raised too quickly.
• Which description best captures the focus of shaping?
• Which procedure is defined as withholding access to reinforcers by removing the learner from the reinforcing environment?
• The multiple-opportunity method of assessment allows the individual to perform the behavior chain multiple times before initiating training sessions.
• In order for video-modeling to be effective, the model must be an individual other than the learner.
• If the topography of a previously imitated behavior occurs without the model, the behavior is not imitative.
• In shaping, incorporating response prompts along with the procedure makes the process more efficient.
• Which method is described as allowing multiple performances of the task chain before training begins?
• In the nose example, the student's imitation was triggered by which concept?
• An evocative effect refers to which of the following?
• Involves removing a specific amount of reinforcers from the individual’s current supply of previously earned reinforcers.
• Which term describes a signal that reinforcement is available for a response?
• During shaping, what happens to behavior that is not one of the current approximations?
• Conditioned Motivating Operations have value-altering effects that are a function of what?
• True or False: Negative reinforcement and positive punishment are interchangeable terms.
• Which description best reflects formal similarity?
• Which statement best captures stimulus generalization as described in the material?
• Exclusion time-out is best described as which of the following?
• Value-altering and behavior-altering effects are described as the defining features in the original definition of an establishing operation.
• Which statement is true about total-task chaining according to the material?
• Christoph's method of teaching Sandie, where the last step is prompted until independence and then earlier steps are introduced, is an example of backward chaining.
• Which term describes reinforcing successive approximations toward a target behavior?